1 rohm motor driver ic solutions evaluation board: h - bridge motor drivers for dc brush motors bd6212fp, bd6222fp, bd6232fp (2a / 5.5v, 15v, 32v) introduction this application note will provide the steps necessary to operate and evaluate rohm?s h - bridge motor drivers using the bd62x2 evaluation board. dc brush motors are increasingly required for a broad range of applications. dc brush motor is preferred due to their simplicity, reliability and low cost. h - bridge driver ics control the motor?s direction, speed, braking and idling. description this evaluation board has been developed for rohm?s h - bridge driver customers evaluating the bd62x2fp series . the bd62x2fp series can operate across a wide range of powe r supply voltages (from 3v to 32 v max), supportin g output currents of up to 2a. pwm signal control (20 khz - 100 khz) or vref control modes are used to vary motor ro tation speeds . rohm?s ics are complete with over current protection ( ocp ) , over voltage protection ( ovp ) , thermal shutdown ( tsd ) and under voltage lock out ( uvlo ) protection circuits while also facilitating a low - power consumption design (10a max). overl ap (shoot - through) protection to prevent high currents during motor reversal or breaking is also built in. in addition, the devices are designed to withstand up to 4 kv esd. h - bridge motor driver operation modes a) stand - by mode b) forward mode c) reverse mode d) br ake mode e) forward pwm control mode f) reverse pwm control mode g) forward vref control mode h) reverse vref control mode applications vcr; cd/dvd players; a/v equipment; optical disc drives; pc peripherals; car audio; car navigation systems; office automation equipment evaluation board operating limits and absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol limit unit conditions min typ max supply voltage bd6212 vcc 3 - 5.5 v bd6222 vcc 6 - 15 v bd6232 vcc 6 - 32 v vref voltage bd6212 vref 1.5 - 5.5 v bd6222 vref 3 - 15 v bd6232 vref 3 - 32 v electrical characteristics max.output current iomax - - 2 a vref bias current ivref - 10 0 10 a vref = vcc output carrier frequency fpwm 20 25 35 khz bd6212 / bd6222 / bd6232 => vref = 3.75v / 9v / 18v input frequency range fmax 20 - 100 khz fin / rin stand - by current istby - 0 10 a stand - by no.0000000012
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 2 of 8 evaluation board schematic below is the evaluation board schematic with the bd62x2 as u1 evaluation board labeling scheme below are the labeled pictures of a populated evaluation board and the picture of an unpopulated board for reference r1_dni vref vcc vcc vcc gnd vref bd62x2 out1 out1 out2 out2 rnf rnf rin fin u1 bd6212, bd6222, bd6232 ic 1 2 12 13 22 23 6 7 8 17 19 20 21 * while using pwm for speed control, the pwm signal can be connected to fin or rin inputs depending on the direction of rotation. refer to the pwm mode description for the sw1/sw2 positions and jumper r4/r5 positions before feeding the pwm signal. * * dni ------ > do not insert external vcc vcc vcc vcc sw4 spdt sw1 spdt sw2 spdt jmp ------ > jumper r6_dni vcc c6_dni c1_dni c4_dni c2_dni c3_dni c5 10uf r3 0 r2 0 r5_jmp 0 r4_jmp 0 rin fin figure 1 figure 3 figure 2
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 3 of 8 evaluation board i/o below is a diagram showing the inputs (vcc, vref, rin, and fin) and outputs (out1 and out2) of the evaluation board. evaluation board operation modes (logic table) below is a truth table describing how to obtain the different modes of operations. h - bridge motor driver operation modes the ranges of vcc and vref will vary for different ics as follows: ic vcc (v) vref (v) bd6212fp 3 ~ 5.5 1.5 ~5.5 bd6222fp 6 ~ 15 3 ~ 15 bd6232fp 6 ~ 32 3 ~ 32 i. stand - by mode a) both fin and rin are set to a low state (<0.8v) and the output is independent of vref in this state b) in stand - by mode all the internal circuits are turned off and t he output goes to high impedance state. ii. forward mode a) vref is connected to vcc. fin is a high input (>2v) and r in is a low input (<0.8v) and are selected through sw2 and sw1 respectively. b) in the forward mode the out1 pin is high and out2 pin is low and the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the forward (clockwise) direction. iii. reverse mode a) vref is connected to vcc. fin is a low input (<0.8) and r in is a high input (>2v) and are selected through sw2 and sw1 respectively. b) in the reverse mode the out1 pin is low and out2 pin is high and the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the reverse (anti - clockwise) direction. iv. brake mode a) both fin and rin are set to a high state (>2v) and the output is independent of vref in this stat e b) in brake mode all the internal circuits are still operating and this mode is used to quickly stop the motor . the power consumption in this mode is greater than the stand - by mode. figure 4 figure 5
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 4 of 8 v. forward pwm control mode a) vref is connected to vcc and rin is a low input ( <0.8v), selected through sw1. r5 is disconnected by opening the jumper connection, sw2 is set to h position and a pwm signal with a frequency range between 20 - 100khz with an amplitude range same as that of vcc is given to fin. b) the speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the duty cycle of the input pwm signal. out1 pin is high and out2 pin toggles between low and high impedance states. the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the forward (clockwise) direction. a path for the reco very current from the motor is established by the 10f bypass capacitor connected between vcc and gnd as shown in figure 1. vi. reverse pwm control mode a) vref is connected to vcc and fin is a low input (<0.8v), selected through sw2. r4 is disconnected by openi ng the jumper connection, sw1 is set to h position and a pwm signal with a frequency range between 20 - 100khz with an amplitude range same as that of vcc is given to rin. b) the speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the duty cycle of the input pwm si gnal. out2 pin is high and out1 pin toggles between low and high impedance states. the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the reverse (anti - clockwise) direction. a path for the recovery current from the motor is established by the 10 f bypass capacitor connected between vcc and gnd as shown in figure 1. vii. forward vref control mode a) fin is a high input (>2v) and rin is a low input (<0.8v) and are selected through sw2 and sw1 respectively . the speed of the motor can be controlled by the vref voltage given through a potentiometer connection varying between vcc and ground as shown in the schematic. b) out1 pin is high and out2 pin toggles between the low and high and the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the forward (clockwise) direction. the duty conversion circuit provides the switching duty corresponding to the voltage levels of the vref and vcc pins. c) the on duty is represented by the following equation in this mode, ? ? ???? = ???? ( ? ) ??? ( ? ) d) the switching on duty is limited by the range of vref pin voltage. the pwm output carrier frequency in this mode is 25khz (nominal). a path for the recovery current from the motor is established by the 10f bypass capa citor connected between vcc and ground as shown in figure 1. viii. reverse vref control mode a) r in is a high input (>2v) and f in is a low input (<0.8v) and are selected through sw 1 and sw 2 respectively . the speed of the motor can be controlled by the vref voltage given through a potentiometer connection varying between vcc and ground as shown in the schematic. b) out2 pin is high and out1 pin toggles between the low and high and the motor which is connected between out1 and out2 rotates in the reverse (anti - clockwise) direction. the duty conversion circuit provides the switching duty corresponding to the voltage levels of the vref and vcc pins. c) the on duty is represented by the following equation in this mod e, ?? ???? = ???? ( ? ) ??? ( ? ) d) the switching on duty is limited by the range of vref pin voltage. the pwm output carrier frequency in this mode is 25khz (nominal). a path for the recovery current from the motor is established by the 10f bypass capacitor connected between vcc and ground as shown in figure 1.
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 5 of 8 evaluation board functional test setup below is the test setup used to evaluate the board for motor operation in pwm mode board testing performed appropriate vcc, vref (refer to the table in the above section for the applicable ranges of vcc and vref) and gnd were connected to the board and all the modes of operation for the motor driver were tested. 1) vcc, vref and gnd were connected to the board. 2) vref was connected to vcc to check the stand - by, forward, reverse and the brake modes. note that the inputs given to fin and rin are different for each mode. the motor rotation was observed to be cloc kwise for the forward mode, anti - clockwise for the reverse mode and stationary for the stand- by and the brake modes. 3) the motor speed was varied by varying the duty cycle of the pwm signal in the pwm control mode. pwm signal was connected to either fin or rin depending on forward or reverse pwm control mode. resistance r5 or r4 (jumper) were disconnected by opening the jumper when the pwm signal was given through fin and rin respectively through the test points. the duty cycle of the pwm signal was varied a nd the variation of motor rotation speed was observed. 4) the forward and reverse pwm control modes were tested by giving appropriate inputs to fin and rin (refer to figure 5 or motor driver operation modes). 5) the vref control modes were tested by varying the vref voltage levels. fin and rin were connected to the appropriate inputs depending on the forward or reverse operation (refer to figure 5 or motor driver operation modes). 6) variation in the speed of the motor rotation was observed when the vref voltage was varied. figure 6
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 6 of 8 evaluation board bom below is a table with the build of materials. part numbers for digikey have been provided for reference. part type symbol qty/board digikey description digikey # res 0 ohm, 2512 r2, r3 2 res 0.0 ohm 1/4w 1206 rhm0.0 cap 10uf, 1206 c5 1 cap cer 10uf 50v x5r 20% 1206 445- 5999-1 -nd jumper s r4, r5 2 conn jumper shorting 1.27mm gold s9346 -nd switches sw1, sw2, sw4 3 switch slide spdt 30v.2a pc mnt eg1903 -nd test point red tp1, tp8 2 test point pc mini .040"d red 5000k -nd test point black tp2, tp9, tp10 3 test point pc mini .040"d black 5001k -nd test point blue tp3, tp4, tp5, tp6, tp7 5 test point pc miniature t/h blue 5117k -nd motor driver u1 1 ic h - bridge driver 1ch 2a hsop25 bd62x2fp - e2tr - nd notes for use 1) the voltage levels for vcc and vref vary with the chip used (bd6212fp, bd6222fp and bd6232fp ). the range pwm input is same as that of the vcc for each chip. 2) test points for vcc, vref, gnd, fin, rin, out1 and out2 are provided on the board and the signals can be connected to these test points for convenience. 3) sw4 which is a switch connecting the vref voltage to the chip through the r2 resistor needs to be in the same position for all modes. 4) sw1 is used to select the high or low input to rin depending on the mode (refer to figure 5 and the motor driver operation modes section). in the pwm mode, when the pwm input is to be given to rin the r4 jumper is opene d and the sw1 is put to h position. pwm input is given to the rin test point. 5) sw2 is used to select the high or low input to fin depending on the mode (refer to figure 5 and the motor driver operation modes section). in the pwm mode, when the pwm input is to be given to fin the r5 jumper is opened and the sw2 is put to h position. pwm input is given to the rin test point. 6) the resistors r4 and r5 are connected through jumpers in all modes except pwm control modes. in the pwm mode, a resistor r4 or r5 is remo ved by opening the jumper at the respective position depending on the forward or reverse control operation. 7) connecting the power supply in reverse polarity can damage the ic. take precautions against the reverse polarity when connecting the power supply li nes, such as adding an external direction diode. 8) return current generated by the motor?s back - emf requires counter - measures, such as providing a return current path by inserting capacitors across the power supply and gnd (10f ceramic capacitor is recommen ded). in this case, it is important to confirm that none of the negative effects sometimes seen with electrolytic capacitors ? including a capacitance drop at low temperatures ? occurs. also, the connected power supply must have sufficient current absorbin g capability. otherwise, the regenerated current will increase voltage on the power supply line, which may in turn cause problems with the product, including peripheral circuits exceeding the absolute maximum rating. to help protect against damage or degra dation, physical safety measures should be take, such as providing voltage clamping diode across the power supply and gnd. 9) strong electromagnetic fields may cause ic malfunctions. use extreme caution with electromagnetic fields. 10) the thermal shutdown (tsd) circuit in the ic is designed to shut the ic off to prevent thermal runway. it is not designed to protect the ic or guarantee its operation in the presence of extreme heat. do not continue to use the ic after the tsd circuit is activated, and do not operat e the ic in an environment where the activation of the circuit is assumed.
a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e page 7 of 8 11) in case a large capacitor is connected between output and gnd, if vcc and vin are short - circuited with 0v or gnd for any reason, the current charged in the capacitor flows into the output and may destroy the ic. use a capacitor smaller than 1f between output and gnd. 12) connecting a capacitor at low impedance pin subjects the ic to stress. therefore, always discharge capacitors after each process or step. always turn the ic?s power sup ply off before connecting it to or removing it from the test setup during the inspection process. ground the ic during assembly steps as an antistatic measure. use similar precaution when transporting or storing the ic. 13) when the operation mode is in pwm co ntrol or vref control, pwm switching noise may affect the control input pins and cause ic malfunctions. in this case, insert a pull down resistor (10k? is recommended) between each control input pin and ground.
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